How to Become a Politician

Part1

Getting the Ball Rolling

1. 1
   Go to college. While really anyone can be a politician (depending on your definition of politician, of course), the ones that make a true dent in society and can call it a career have been to college. They likely studied economics, business, political science, or international relations. Though any degree is better than none!

   • Many go on to law or business school. This isn't a hard-and-fast requirement, but it's definitely not a bad idea. If you want to be a big dog, it's wise, that's for certain. In the US Congress, 68 are currently either lawyers or businessmen.^[1] Just for the record.
   • Back in the day, military experience was pretty common. It's definitely not a bad idea -- we're all pro people who support their country. But it is becoming less common and if you don't feel the pressure to fit the presidential mold, there's no shame in keeping your office job.
2. 2
   Volunteer. With volunteer experience on your resume, it's hard for someone to look at you and say, "That's not a trustworthy, good person." That would require a person who doesn't like puppies. To get votes, you need to show that you support good causes, you've put in the time, and you care about your community. The easiest way to do that? Volunteering.

   • You could start by volunteering for a local campaign, but it's also a good idea to foster your interests outside the political arena, too. Join a non-profit, help the homeless, get involved with an organization you would support if you were in a position of power. Show the world just how well-rounded (and moral) you are.
3. 3
   Affiliate yourself with a political party. Running on the Jane/John party won't get you much attention (well, good attention at least). If you're serious about this politics thing, you need to affiliate yourself with a well-established political party. That way you'll get backing, you'll meet like-minded friends and cohorts, and in some cases, people will look at your label and assume you're good to go.

   • Or don't. Whichever. That's what the Independent party is for. However, do note that running with this party and getting elected to office is like running up a hill blind with a Skip-Bo on your ankle, carrying a screaming monkey on your back. People like labels and they really like labels they think they understand. "Independent" isn't one of them, sadly.
4. 4
   Pay your dues on someone else's campaign. If you're blessed enough to know what you want to do at a young age, then a good way to make headway into this field is to work on someone else's campaign. It may be grunt work, but you'll get a sneak peek into what it's like and get a leg up on the whole networking thing. Which is super important, by the way.

   • You may be knocking on doors, you may be stuffing pamphlets into boxes or putting stamps on envelopes, but you'll be doing something. It will give you an appreciation for these roles when you're at the top -- and a relatability people will admire, too.
5. 5
   Get active in your community. If no one knows you from Joe, it'll be hard for people to trust you with, well, anything. So get active locally! Be that one that everyone knows. The one that's involved in everything. You have a reputation to develop!

   • A good place to start? Community meetings. Get on local school boards, city assemblies, and the like and make some noise. Be active. Starting at the bottom is the only way you'll work your way up. So go to your area's party headquarters, ask some questions, and grab a seat.      

6

Have a flexible career. So while most big cheese politicians are businessmen or lawyers, the local and state ones are a different story. Your city's representatives could be grocery store owners, teachers, factory supervisors, anything. Since politics won't start paying you for probably another decade or two, get a career and get a flexible one -- unless you have ten years of money lying around.

• The flexible part here is important because there will be times when politics takes over. You have to take an afternoon off for a meeting, you have to take a week off for a convention, or you have to take six months off for your campaign. The more flexibility you have, the less you'll be sweating your finances in the long run.

Entering the Arena

1. 1
   Get passionate about something. Very few people become a politician simply on the idea that it looks like fun. While they may want to "change the world," they have a general idea of what needs changed. So before you throw your name in the ring, find something you want to get behind. Find something to motivate you. Get passionate.

   • Do the conditions of your city's road irritate you to no end? Do you want to save the local hospital from being moved to a different area? Do you wish there were more allocated green space in your neighborhood? Great! You don't have to have the next best thing since the two-party system. All you need is a driving force for your platform and your reason to campaign.
2. 2
   Start local. While you could go from student body president to running for the President of the United States...you'd really just be asking for a hard time. If you want to go about it and be successful, you'll start small. In the US, you have a few options:

   • School board
   • City Council
   • City mayor
   • County supervisor
3. 3
   Check your bank balance. Okay, you've decided you want to run for office. Maybe it's mayor, maybe it's county supervisor, heck, maybe it's even state legislator. The bigger it is, the more money you're gonna need. Do you have some padding in there in case things go awry? What if your campaign comes up short and you have to foot some of the bill? What if you lose the election and your job isn't there when you get back? Will there be food on the table?

   • Campaigns are expensive. Way more expensive than you realize before going into your first one. There's travel expenses, paying your team, marketing expenses, and schmoozing expenses, just to get the list started. Ideally these won't come from your pocket. Ideally.
4. 4
   Develop your campaign. Now for the fun stuff! You know, sort of. At least the adrenaline-packed stuff. You'll need to assemble a team of people you trust to run it for you, but you need to develop it. How do you want to go about getting the word out there? How big should your team even be? What issues will you be pushing? How will you handle your opponents?

   • Three words: Start. Raising. Funds. Start raising funds now. Hit up everyone you know for donations (you've been nice to them because you knew this was coming, right?). Even if you met them once and they're not even your Facebook friend, hit 'em up. No shame!
5. 5
   Lean on your (rich) friends. This is one of those times when belonging to one of those posh country clubs will really come in handy. You'll need the cash flow to keep on flowing and those $10 semi-annual donations from Aunt Marge aren't cutting it. You'd need thousands of those. So whether you were sipping on Pinot Grigio with the Gateses or serving it, know where your bread is buttered. The unfortunate truth, really.

   • This is why having been a name for a while is especially helpful. The right people might notice you and have decided that you show political promise. That's why it's a good idea to get involved with one of the major parties -- it's a solid platform for grabbing attention.
6. 6
   Get state-wide. Once you've dominated your local pond, you'll probably look for some bigger fish to fry. So go state-wide! Be a legislator -- get involved in the Congress or the Senate. You've proven you have the chops, so might as well make some money with it!

   • This is a lot of the same, just on a bigger level. And with a bigger level comes more scrutiny. And more money. Generally, more of everything. Definitely more time.
     • And because of the "more time" thing, make sure you talk this over with your family and those who you're close with. Your life will not be the same and you will not be as accessible. You may be on the road quite a bit and you may be very stressed because of it. But hopefully it'll be worth it!
7. 7
   Soldier on. If you are successful, and if you do end up getting elected, for starters, congratulations! It's gonna be stressful and it's gonna make your hair turn gray prematurely, but you'll be making a difference!

   • And if you're not successful, don't be dissuaded. If this is something you're truly passionate about, your time will come.You gotta keep your head up and not take this personally. It's a fierce world out there and you wouldn't have it any other way. If it were easy, it wouldn't mean as much. So keep calm and carry on. There's always next cycle!

Part3

Cultivating the Persona

1. 1
   Be a fantastic public speaker. If there's just one skill you have, it should be public speaking. Your face, your voice, you is gonna be in the limelight at least until the election is over. People are going to be watching you and analyzing your every move. If you can convince them with your winning smile, calm demeanor, and persuasiveness that you're qualified for the job, it'll be smooth sailing.

   • The most obvious examples are Barack Obama and JFK. When Barack steps up to the podium, his charisma just oozes out of him. His public speaking skills got him to where he is today. And then there's the famous JFK/Nixon debate, where JFK was so calm, cool, and collected that he made the nervous, twitchy Nixon look like a joke. So brush up!
2. 2
   Have the wardrobe. So while JFK schooled Nixon because of his charisma, it didn't hurt that he was 100x better looking and more put together. If you're gonna be in the public eye, you gotta look the part. That means ties, suits, and that wonderful pair of I'm-just-like-you khakis. And the shoes! Don't forget the shoes.

   • You'll generally need two looks: the nice, fancy suit for your more formal functions and then the rolled-up Oxford and khakis when you're talking in the town hall. This goes for men and women, though a women's suit could either be a skirt or pants.
3. 3
   Solidify your views. If you expect people to vote for you, you gotta have your views and your views down pat. None of this wishy-washy flip-flopping -- or you'll be called on it faster than you can say "John Edwards." Hopefully you figured these out pre-campaign (though in the realm of politics, changes of heart aren't exactly uncommon).

   • You'll probably be encouraged to align your views with the majority. There is no book that says you have to do this. Your team may want you to, but you don't have to do a damn thing. It can get you votes, but what's gonna happen when bill-passing time rolls around? Hope the Catholic guilt doesn't get to you?
4. 4
   Be comfortable with the media and their antics. Once you're a politician, you're basically signing off on your privacy. You're the closest thing to a movie star there is. Your image will be plastered everywhere from buses to the Daily Show. And it won't always be nice. So while it's gonna be hard handling the constant photo ops and always faking a smile, it's gonna be harder handling the criticism. Can you take it?

   • The association between politicians and scandals is so ridiculous it's almost funny. If you're running for office, expect to have to face that everything from your dishonorable discharge in the military to that appealed DUI charge to a speeding ticket from 27 years ago. If it's the slightest bit juicy, it could come back to haunt you.
5. 5
   Get tough. This is not a career for the faint of heart. It's gonna involve late nights, name calling, begging, brown-nosing, and lots and lots of putting up with the trivial. There will be times when you'll feel on top of the world and there will be times when you'll feel like it's on top of you. You gotta have a thick skin and an impermeable sense ofconfidence. You ready?

   • This could be tough on your loved ones, too. Bristol Palin, anyone? So while this may be your dream, make sure you're looking out for them, too. You'll need them when it feels like the weight of the world is on your shoulders.

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the comment writers alone and does not reflect or represent the views of Victor Duru

Dr. Oz's Top 10 Health and Fitness Tips of All Time Take the doc's advice to look and feel your best for life

1 of 10 Get Strong, Not Skinny

Illness or injury may often be the instigator, but frailty is what kills us, says Dr. Mehmet Oz, cardiothoracic surgeon, author, and host of  Our bodies can't recover as well if we're not strong, which is why he recommends a balanced workout plan that includes strength, cardio, and flexibility training.

This doesn't mean you need to spend hours in the gym each week. The busy doctor has no problem fitting in his seven-minute workout every morning which he says is better for you than the occasional hour-long gym session. And you can say goodbye to boring treadmill sessions. Instead, Dr. Oz suggests getting a basic pedometer and setting a goal of 10,000 steps per day (that's about five miles) to stay slim and healthy.

Cut Out the White Stuff

2 OF 10

The easiest way to lose weight and improve your health? Ditch the white stuff! Most white foods (bread, rice, pasta, sugar, flour) are primarily made up of refined carbs and empty calories, so cutting them out of your diet is one of the quickest ways to shed pounds and improve your well-being, Dr. Oz says.

There are a few exceptions to the rule, including egg whites, cauliflower, and fish, he says. Those are the only white foods you should have on hand.

Bring On the Broccoli

3 OF 10

They may be chock-full of nutrients, but exotic vegetables like celeriac and Jerusalem artichokes don't always appeal to more traditional pallets. And that's fine, according to Dr. Oz, who says broccoli is his all-time favorite produce.

"Broccoli is the best produce option because it cleanses the liver and helps to fight cancer," he says. To reap the most rewards, the doctor suggests cleaning and slicing cruciferous veggies (like broccoli) five to 10 minutes before cooking, and then steaming or microwaving them (instead of boiling) to help retain the most cancer-fighting compounds.

Get Your Daily Dose of D

4 OF 10

"New research says that vitamin D may play a crucial role in weight loss by controlling appetite and helping fat cells become more metabolically active," Dr. Oz says. The sunshine vitamin also helps your body better absorb bone-boosting calcium, improves immunity, reduces inflammation, and may even protect against some forms of cancer. Nearly 75 percent of Americans are vitamin-D deficient, so there's a good chance you're not getting your recommended daily dose of 400 IU (some people may need as much as 1000 IU, so check with your doctor to find out what's right for you).

"The best sources [of vitamin D] are salmon, tuna, and mackerel (especially the flesh)," Dr. Oz says, adding that "fish liver oils, beef liver, cheese, and egg yolks also contain small amounts."

And don't forget the most convenient source of all: sunlight. "Vitamin D is actually produced in your body when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike your skin; the UV rays trigger synthesis of vitamin D, which then gets converted in your liver into its active form."

Drink More Water

5 OF 10

There's a reason Dr. Oz can't omit this expected tip from the list. Drinking water is so imperative for staying healthy, energized, and even losing weight. There are so many reasons to stay hydrated—hunger is often disguised as thirst, it boosts your metabolism, and water is the best energy drink available, he says.

To find out exactly how much water you should be drinking, divide your body weight (in pounds) by two and aim to drink that many ounces of water every day.

Trade Supplements for Tea

6 OF 10

Drinking all-natural green tea is an excellent way to boost your weight loss and your health. Not only does it have the power to stoke your metabolism, but it also contains the highest concentration of catechins, antioxidants found in plants that have been found to protect against heart disease and even some cancers. Sip on a few cups of green tea throughout the day to get all of its amazing benefits.

Not a fan of tea? You can still reap the rewards! Try one (or all) of  these creative ways to work green tea into your diet.

Focus on Nutrients, Not Calories

7 OF 10

While the amount of calories you consume is crucial for weight loss, the quality of your food is often more important (and often ignored). "Losing weight isn't all about cutting calories. Your brain is looking for nutrients, not calories, and [your brain] will prod you to eat until you're satisfied," says Dr. Oz, who cites a recent landmark study published in the New England Journal of Medicine that found specific foods, not just their calorie content, influence weight gain.

"After adjusting for age, baseline body mass index, and lifestyle factors such as exercise and sleep duration, the authors found that the foods most associated with adding pounds over a four-year period were French fries, potato chips, sugary drinks, meats (unprocessed red meat and processed meats), sweets, and refined grains; the foods most associated with shedding pounds were yogurt, nuts, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables."

These results aren't exactly ground-breaking, but they confirm what weight-loss experts have been recommending for years. To stay slim and healthy, fill up on high-fiber, nutrient-rich fruits, vegetables, grains, and lean meats (Dr. Oz always eats a piece of fruit or a handful of nuts prior to a large meal). This will help you avoid overloading on empty calories later, when you're starving.

Delay Dessert

8 OF 10

You don't need to completely eliminate dessert (Dr. Oz says it's perfectly okay to indulge your sweet tooth in moderation), just try not to indulge immediately after dinner.

"Avoid sweets directly after a meal since sugar disrupts the absorption of nutrients," Dr. Oz says. The best time for a sweet treat is about two hours after you finish your meal. And when it comes to what you eat, try the good doctor's go-to dessert: dark chocolate.

"The flavonols found in cocoa improve circulation and increase blood flow to the brain, which helps you see more clearly," 

Sleep More to Slim Down

9 OF 10

The old saying 'you snooze, you lose' couldn't be more accurate when it comes to shedding pounds. According to Dr. Oz, depriving your body of sleep can speed up the aging process and deter your weight-loss efforts. "The brain craves carbohydrates when you're tired, so you could unknowingly sabotage even the best laid plans," he says. Aim for a good seven hours (minimum) of shuteye every night to allow your body to restore and to protect vital organ functions.

Make Breakfast Mandatory

10 OF 10

You've heard it before, but it's worth repeating: Breakfast is still the most important meal of the day! "Skipping the first meal of the day can increase risk for obesity more than fourfold," Dr. Oz says. "If you don't eat right when you wake up, your body senses a famine is coming and slows your metabolism to compensate. Then, when your body is presented with food later, it's ravenous and wants to pack it in, leading to bingeing with a slow metabolism—a recipe for weight gain."

Your plan of action: Dr. Oz suggests automating your first meal of the day by eating the same breakfast (like an egg-white omelet or steel-cut oatmeal), or cycling through a small variety of breakfast foods each and every morning. If eating breakfast is a challenge for you, try some of these healthy grab-and-gobreakfast ideas).

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the comment writers alone and does not reflect or represent the views of Victor Duru

57 Things Other People Want From Life By Mindy Tyson McHorse

source: http://www.awaionline.com


 



If a genie suddenly appeared and offered to grant you a single wish, what would you say?
Most people answer, “Money!” and name a huge amount. But money is fleeting. And it does nothing for you unless you spend it on something meaningful … which brings you back to square one:
What do you really want?

I get flummoxed deciding what to eat for dinner, let alone figuring out what I want in life. Luckily, a lot of brainstorming comes in handy — especially when prompted by outside ideas. That’s why I’ve compiled this list of things other people want in life.

I’m not saying you should want what somebody else does. But maybe by reading through these varied replies I’ve gleaned from friends and other sources, it’ll stir up some fresh ideas for you.
And while you’re brainstorming, remember that no idea is too big for someone living the writer’s life. You don’t face the same constraints other people deal with. Unlimited income potential and the freedom to work when and where you choose give you enormous freedom. Your biggest hurdle is deciding what you want and then going after it.


So if the question, “What do you want in life?” leaves you stumped, you can at least get your goal-oriented juices flowing by taking a look at the list below.

But before you start, do me a favor. Really read through this list and note the things that you might want. Goal-setting is something that takes focused thought. It’s easy to brush it off and say you’ll do it later, but then chances are good you’ll never get back to it.

Just remember, the payoff could be huge if you really put some effort into this. So here is your idea-generating list of 57 things other people want from life:

Material Things

1. Big house
2. Nice car
3. Fashionable clothes
4. Plenty of money for dining out
5. A big enough budget for luxury travel
6. Thin friends
7. An attractive spouse

Self-Confidence Things

8. To neither look nor feel fat
9. To eat whatever you want without gaining weight
10. To hold your own in a political conversation
11. To learn to dance without looking stupid
12. To be attractive as you age
13. To be the life of the party, at least once
14. To know what you want and have the confidence to go after it

Adventurous Things

15. Visit every continent
16. Speak a foreign language — fluently
17. Learn how to take professional photographs
18. Go scuba diving, cliff diving, or skydiving
19. Live in a beautiful, serene place
20. Volunteer in a disaster zone
21. Go to a major sports championship, like Wimbledon
22. Pilot a plane
23. Spend New Year’s in New York City

Spiritual/Emotional Things

24. Have at least one true best friend
25. Feel relief from social judgment
26. Reconcile with an enemy
27. Be remembered in a positive way after death
28. Know that you made a difference in someone else’s life
29. Feel important to others
30. Know yourself and feel centered
31. Live each day without regret
32. Quiet self-limiting thoughts

Career-Related Things

33. Reach a fabled level of success that makes you untouchable
34. Create a positive work/life balance
35. Feel as capable as others think you are
36. Be more productive with each minute of the day
37. Be recognized as talented or even brilliant
38. Pursue your calling while supporting your family financially
39. Publish a book
40. Make enough money to care for aging parents
41. Write a screenplay that gets picked up as a movie

Lifestyle Things

42. Start every morning with a leisurely cup of coffee instead of a rushed, chugged one
43. Travel the country in an RV
44. Have satisfying, regular sex
45. Not be afraid of intimacy
46. Have many children and grandchildren
47. Stay married to the same person
48. Find meaningful work
49. Find the best piece of pie, ever
50. Give your dog a really happy life

Health Things

51. Grow old without losing your mind or control of your body
52. Recover from a painful or debilitating disease
53. Not die from a painful or debilitating disease
54. Have plenty of energy to enjoy each day
55. Age gracefully, without wrinkles and without going bald
56. Find a way to enjoy exercise
57. Finish a marathon or an ironman triathlon

By reading the goals listed above, you’ll be primed to start thinking about the things that matter most to you. Over the next few days, take note of which goals continue to stand out in your mind. Then think about which of those goals complement the things that make you happiest.
Every time an idea for a new goal comes to you, write it down. Don’t filter out anything — especially if your first reaction to it is that it’s impossible.
That’s the beauty of the writer’s life. Virtually nothing is impossible once you’re able to command an income at the touch of a keyboard, anywhere and anytime.
So think big. Think about the kinds of things in life that are most satisfying and rewarding to you, and then break those things down into specifics. For example, maybe being able to provide well for your loved ones is something you find extremely satisfying.
Build on that by asking yourself what you want to provide. Do you want to send your kids to private school? Make enough money so your spouse doesn’t have to work? Treat the grandkids to a week at Disney World? Provide live-in care for an aging parent?
Once you solidify what it is you want, work backwards. Think about what it’ll take to get it. Then think about the kind of time you’re able to invest in pursuit of that goal. Finally, consider what kind of projects would be enjoyable enough to make the pursuit of that goal pleasant.
Your objective here is to find something that pays the bills but also feeds your spirit. If you’re lucky, the same thing will do both.
If your goal includes making more money, changing careers, or making a living from writing, you should really check out the AWAI 2011 Bootcamp. It’s one of the best places to find inspiration for living a goal-focused life (speaking from experience!). Click here for more information.

Save $300 on Your Bootcamp 2016 Registration

If you’re serious about taking your copywriting success to the next level, AWAI’s Fasttrack to Copywriting Success Bootcamp and Job Fair is the one event you need to attend to give your copywriting career the kickstart you’ve been looking for. And right now, you can save $300 when you register by August 31st. Reserve your seat today.

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Published: August 8, 2011

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• The Hardest Question You'll Ever Answer
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11 Responses to “57 Things Other People Want From Life”

1. Mindy, I've heard it said there are only eight key desires in life:
   1. Survival, life extension
   2. Enjoyment of food and beverage
   3. freedom from fear, pain and danger
   4. Sexual companionship
   5. comfortable living conditions
   6. to be superior. winning, keep up with your peer group
   7. care and protection of loved ones
   8. Social approval
   Everything else is either a learned want or a variation of the above.
   
   Sean McCool – August 8, 2011 at 5:14 pm
2. Hi Sean!
   Excellent points. I think everything I had listed can pretty much be linked back to the eight you mentioned ... except maybe adventure. Where would that fit in?
   At any rate, a fitting summary. Thanks for sharing.
   Mindy
   
   Mindy – August 9, 2011 at 4:20 pm
3. I simply love the way you categorized the "57 things other people want out of life," most of them hit every one of us. Thanks, that's a good read!
   
   Guest (Hammer) – August 10, 2011 at 3:13 am
4. I like the idea of becoming a professional writer. I've ruined three computer keyboards to date through heavy use, I'm on the web constantly, if someone would actually pay me to do this, I'd be in 7th heaven, pretty much. How can I do it more, better, and best of all, actually get paid?
   
   Scrivener – August 10, 2011 at 7:31 am
5. Thanks, Hammer! You made my day. :)
   And Scrivener -- sounds like you've found the right place to be. Ruining keyboards and hanging out on the web is what I do everyday, while getting paid! I got here by taking the Six-Figure Program and going to Bootcamp, so I recommend both of those. In the meantime, keep reading articles from experts and you're certain to find your way. And keep me posted, once you do!
   
   Mindy – August 11, 2011 at 4:09 pm
6. I would add to the list: A sense of purpose or meaning - what people typically gain from holding a religious belief, or from being part of a group which contributes to making the world a "better place" (see Viktor Frankl: Man's search for meaning)
   
   GeoffH – August 13, 2011 at 1:32 am
7. The highest goal in life to me is to know the Lord Jesus Christ in a very personal and life-changing way. I have a joy that material things cannot bring and a peace in times of trouble that helps me to be able to cope with life. I don't have to be strong, beautiful, thin, or perfect: I just have to give my all to Him and life takes on a whole new meaning that is beyond words. It is so simple that many people miss it.
   
   Guest (LindaO) – September 11, 2013 at 1:10 pm
8. People have crap days and good days, people get bad cards and good cards dealt in life. It's a journey and one that by standard chronological terms, does not last that long.
   When you watch the late night broadcasts of starving countries and other how do you feel?
   When you see a homeless person on the street, how do you feel?
   Push the sensationalism of the media showing you the glory life away of the few, and focus on your heart, everyone has one, FIND WHAT MAKES YOURS TICK and be kind to everyone....
   It doesn't cost you anything to be nice to others everyday!!!!

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the comment writers alone and does not reflect or represent the views of Victor Duru

What You Can Do To Stay Healthy

source:  https://publications.usa.gov

 

Section 1:

Evidence shows that some of the leading causes of death in the United States, such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, some lung diseases, injuries, and HIV/AIDS, often can be prevented by improving personal health habits. Eating right, staying physically active, and not smoking are a few examples of good habits that can help you stay healthy.

Creating a Healthy Lifestyle

Last year, I started walking with a group of women five times a week. We're now up to 3 miles each time. It's both my social and exercise time of the day. I actually miss our time together on the days we don't walk.

--Maria W.

---

Eating Right

Eating the right foods and the right amounts of foods can help you live a longer, healthier life. Research has proven that many illnesses—such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure—can be prevented or controlled by eating right. Getting the nutrients you need, such as calcium and iron, and keeping your weight under control can help. Try to balance the calories you get from food with the calories you use through physical activity (select for more information about physical activity). It is never too late to start eating right. Here are some helpful tips.
Eat a variety of foods, especially:
 Vegetables. Choose dark-green leafy and deep-yellow vegetables.
 Fruits. Choose citrus fruits or juices, melons, and berries.
 Dry beans (such as red beans, navy beans, and soybeans), lentils, chickpeas, and peanuts.
 Whole grains, such as wheat, rice, oats, corn, and barley.
 Whole grain breads and cereals.
Eat foods low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, especially:
  Fish.
  Poultry prepared without skin; lean meat.
  Low-fat dairy products.

Weight Control

Weighing too much or too little can lead to health problems. After age 45, many people gain too much weight. You can control your weight by eating healthy foods and being physically active. For more information, select the next section, "Physical Activity."
Ask your health care professional:
  What is a healthy weight for me?
  What are some ways I can control my weight?
Keep track of your weight. Use your personal prevention chart.

Physical Activity

Research shows that physical activity can help prevent at least six diseases: heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity (excess weight), diabetes, osteoporosis, and mental disorders, such as depression. Physical activity also will help you feel better and stay at a healthy weight. Research suggests that brisk walking can be just as good for you as an activity such as jogging. Try to do a total of 30 minutes of constant physical activity, such as fast walking, most days of the week.
Before you start being physically active:
  Talk with your doctor about ways to get started.
  Choose something that fits into your daily life, such as walking, gardening, raking leaves, or even washing windows.
  Choose an activity you like, such as dancing or swimming.
  Try a new activity, like biking.
  Ask a friend to start with you, or join a group.
Don't quit:
  Make time for physical activity, start slowly, and keep at it.
  If the weather is bad, try an exercise show on TV, watch an exercise tape in your home, walk in the mall, or work around the house.

Safe Sex

Sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia, are passed easily from one person to the next through sexual intercourse. STDs are more common in people under the age of 50. But, if you or your partner have other sexual partners, you are at risk for STDs. You can lower your chances of getting an STD by using a latex condom every time you have sex. If you have not taken this step, you may need testing for STDs.
HIV and AIDS. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body's ability to fight infection and illness. AIDS is caused by the HIV virus. By preventing HIV infection, you can prevent AIDS.
People in midlife and those who are older can become infected with HIV. In fact, 10 percent of all AIDS cases in the United States have occurred in people over the age of 50.

.................................................................................................... How do you get HIV? People get HIV by coming into contact with the blood or body fluids (semen or vaginal fluid) of a person with HIV. You cannot get infected with HIV from casual contact, such as shaking hands or hugging. If you or your partner have other sexual partners or if you share needles or syringes, you may need testing for HIV. To protect yourself, use a latex condom every time you have sex and do not share needles or syringes. ....................................................................................................

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Taking Charge of Your Health

Since I have been taking medicine to lower my cholesterol and treat my arthritis, I have been feeling tired and have had an upset stomach. I didn't know which medicine was causing me to feel this way. I was also getting confused about when I should take each medicine. I brought in the booklet "Prescriptions Medicines and You" and asked the doctor the questions in the booklet. I wrote down the answers. Then, the doctor and I talked about what I could do to prevent the side effects from the medicines.

--Mia C.

Menopause

Between ages 35 and 50, the levels of two female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, start to change. The shifting levels of hormones may cause you to skip periods, have irregular bleeding, or both. You may also have such symptoms as hot flashes, mood swings, sleep problems, and painful intercourse. Talk to your doctor about these changes and how to relieve them. You can still get pregnant during this time, so you may want to use some method of birth control.
Menopause occurs when you stop menstruating for good. Most women reach menopause in their late 40s or early 50s. If you have not had a period for at least 1 year, you are likely to be in menopause. At this point, your hormone levels drop so you are no longer producing eggs. Once this happens, there is no chance of becoming pregnant.
You can take a pill or use a skin patch that contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone to help relieve some symptoms of menopause. Taking these hormones is called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT also may help keep your bones strong and prevent heart disease. But HRT also has risks—it is not for everyone. Talk to your doctor to see whether HRT is right for you.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones break easily. About 70 percent of fractures in people over the age of 45 are related to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is more common in women than in men. The loss of hormones that occurs after women have gone through menopause causes their bones to become less dense, or thinner, and therefore more prone to breaking.
You can help prevent osteoporosis by:
  Doing weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, stair climbing, jogging, yoga, and lifting weights.
  Getting 1,000-1,300 mg of calcium per day (see below).
  Not smoking.
  Taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
Ask your health care provider:
  How can I get enough calcium?
  What medicines, such as HRT (for women), can help prevent osteoporosis?
A bone density test can help determine whether your bones are prone to breaking. But there is no evidence that a bone density test is needed for everyone. You may want to ask your health care provider if you should receive this test.

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.................................................................................................... Foods That Can Help You Add Calcium To Your Diet Most foods in the milk group (choose lower fat, lower cholesterol foods most often, such as skim milk): Milk and dishes made with milk, such as puddings and soups made with milk. Cheeses, such as mozzarella, cheddar, swiss, and parmesan. Yogurt. Canned fish with soft bones, such as sardines, anchovies, and salmon. Dark-green leafy vegetables, such as kale, mustard greens, turnip greens, and spinach. Tofu, if processed with calcium sulfate. Read the labels. Tortillas made from lime-processed corn. Read the labels. ....................................................................................................

Injury Prevention

Following basic safety rules can prevent many serious injuries. Here is a checklist to follow to help keep you safe.
To help protect yourself when you are home:
 Use smoke detectors in your home. Remember to check the batteries every month. Change the batteries every year.
 If you keep a gun in your home, lock up the gun and the ammunition separately and keep them out of children's reach.
To help prevent falls:
 Make sure that hallways and stairwells are well lit.
 Remove or repair things that could make you trip, such as loose rugs, electrical cords, and toys.
 Put handrails and traction strips on stairways and in bathtubs.
To protect yourself when you are away from home:
 Always wear seat belts while in the car.
 Never drive after drinking alcohol.
 Always wear a safety helmet while riding a motorcycle or bicycle.
 Be alert for hazards in your workplace and follow all safety rules.

Taking Medicines

Getting information about the medicines you are taking is important for people of all ages. It will help you get the full benefits from your medicine. It will also help avoid problems such as taking too much or too little of a medicine. Taking medicine in the wrong way can make you worse instead of better. Here are some questions you may want to ask your doctor or pharmacist.
About the medicine:
  What is the name of the medicine? Is this the brand or generic name?
  What is the medicine supposed to do?
  What written information is available about the medicine?
How to take the medicine:
  How and when do I take it—and for how long?
  What foods, drinks, other medicines, or activities should I avoid while taking this medicine?
Side effects of the medicine:
  What are the possible side effects?
  What should I do if they occur?
To help you keep track of the medicines you are taking, fill in the medicine chart. You may want to share this with your health care provider and pharmacist.
Prescription Medicines and You, published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), is a free guide that gives practical tips on how to take medicines safely. It also gives advice on questions to ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist. To get a copy of this brochure, call the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse at 1-800-358-9295.

Getting Help When You Need It

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I was having trouble getting up in the mornings and seemed to have less energy than most people my age. Some of my friends started to make comments about my drinking. They tried to make them in a teasing way, but my feelings were hurt. I tried to tell myself that I didn't have a problem because I went to work every day and took care of my family. I felt I was a social drinker. Finally, I decided that I needed to do something about my drinking. I asked my doctor where to get help. I got the help I needed and now feel very proud of myself for taking control of my drinking problem.

--Mike F.

Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Abusing alcohol or using illegal drugs can cause serious medical and personal problems. Alcohol and drug abuse can lead to motor vehicle and other accidents, depression, and can cause problems with friends, family, and work. Drug use can cause heart and breathing problems. Alcohol abuse can cause liver and heart problems and throat and mouth cancer.
Advice on Alcohol and Other Drug Use:
  Don't use illegal (street) drugs of any kind, at any time.
  If you drink alcohol, limit the number of alcoholic drinks—no more than one drink a day for women and two drinks a day for men.
  Do not drink alcohol before or while driving a motor vehicle or operating heavy machinery.
  If you have concerns about your alcohol or drug use, talk to your doctor.
Read the questions below. A "yes" answer to any of the questions may be a warning sign that you have a drinking problem. Talk to your doctor or other health care provider. Ask yourself the following questions, and if you print this page, place a checkmark next to each question for which the answer is "yes."
  Have you ever felt that you should cut down on your drinking?
  Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
  Have you ever felt bad or guilty about drinking?
  Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?

Smoking

Research shows that smoking causes more major diseases than any other personal habit. Some examples are cancers of the lung, mouth, bladder, and throat; heart and lung disease; and strokes. If you stop smoking, you can help avoid these diseases.
It is never too late to stop smoking. Half of all people who have ever smoked have quit.
When you are getting ready to quit:
  Pick a date to quit.
  Begin by not smoking in places where you spend a lot of time, such as at home or in the car.
  Get support and encouragement—you may want to join a quit smoking program.
  Talk with your doctor about using nicotine replacement products such as gum, patch, nasal spray, or inhaler. Research shows that almost everyone can benefit from using these products.
Once you have quit:
  Don't try even one puff, and try to keep yourself away from all cigarettes.
  If you fail the first time, don't give up. Keep trying and learn from your experiences. Ask yourself what helped or did not help you in trying to quit.
Every time children and others you care about are around cigarette smoke, they breathe in poisons that can cause asthma or cancer. Please, don't expose others to secondhand smoke. Quit for them.

Overcoming Depression

Everybody feels "down" or "blue" at times. But, if these feelings are very strong or last for most of the day, nearly every day, they may be due to a medical illness called depression.
The good news is that depression can be treated. But first you have to know you have it.
People do not always know the warning signs of depression. Some of these signs are listed below. If you have four or more, be sure to talk to your doctor about depression. If you print out this list, place a checkmark next to each sign that you have.
Warning Signs of Depression
Changes in the way you feel:
  Feeling sad, hopeless, or guilty most of the time.
  Feeling tired, low energy, or feeling "slowed down."
  Crying a lot.
  Having thoughts of suicide or death.
Changes in eating and sleeping habits:
  Sleep problems, either too much or too little.
  Changes in appetite or weight (up or down).
Changes in your daily living:
  Loss of interest and pleasure in daily activities.
  Problems making decisions or thinking clearly.
Treatment
The earlier you get treatment for depression, the sooner you will begin to feel better. The longer you wait, the harder depression is to treat.
Depression usually is treated with medicine, counseling, or medicine combined with counseling. Medicines for depression are not addicting or habit forming. They work for people with severe depression and may be useful for people with mild to moderate depression. Treatment works gradually over several weeks. If you do not start to feel better after this time, call your doctor. It may take some time to find what works best for you.
For more information, read Depression Is A Treatable Illness, which answers some common questions about depression. To get a print copy of this free booklet, written by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), call the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse at 1-800-358-9295.

Section 2:

Ask Your Doctor About Checkups, Tests, and Shots You Need
All of the checkups, tests, and shots covered in this booklet have been proven effective in preventing disease, according to scientific evidence.

Regular Checkups and Care

I keep track of when my pets need their checkups better than I keep track of when I need my checkups. I can't seem to remember when I need to visit the dentist or get my eyes checked next. So I started to ask my dentist and doctor when I needed my next appointment. I write it down in the personal prevention chart in Staying Healthy at 50+.

—Brian T.

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Teeth and Gums

  Visit your dentist once or twice a year for checkups.
  Brush after meals with a toothbrush that has soft or medium bristles.
  Use toothpaste with fluoride.
  Use dental floss every day.
  Eat fewer sweets, especially between meals.
  Do not smoke or chew tobacco products.
Keep track of when you need your next dentist appointment. Use your personal prevention chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Hearing

Hearing loss is one of the most common health problems. Because it doesn't cause pain and is not visible, many people refuse to admit that it exists.
Hearing loss increases after the age of 50. How can you tell if you have a hearing problem? You may have to strain to hear a normal conversation. Or you may find yourself turning up the volume of the TV and radio so loud that others complain.
Talk to your doctor or nurse about your hearing. They may suggest a hearing test. Hearing aids can often help you hear better.

Vision

People aged 45 and older are most affected by vision problems. By age 65, you should see an eye doctor for regular eye exams. Eyeglasses or contact lenses can improve your vision. Doctors also have other methods to improve your vision and prevent you from losing your sight.

Glaucoma

After age 45, glaucoma becomes more common than it is earlier in life. It is a disease that can lead to problems seeing and even to loss of vision. Early treatment—with medicine, surgery, or both—can prevent or delay the serious vision problems caused by glaucoma.
You are more likely to get glaucoma, and you should see an eye doctor for a glaucoma test, if you:
  Have diabetes.
  Have a family history of glaucoma.
  Are over age 65.
  Are over age 40 and African American.
Ask your doctor: How often do I need to have my eyes checked?
Keep track of when you need your next eye doctor appointment. Use your personal prevention chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Tests To Catch Diseases or Conditions Early

Last year, my doctor told me I have a high cholesterol level. The doctor said to eat the right foods, lose weight, and exercise. I was worried about having a heart attack but I didn't know where to begin. So I went back to my doctor and talked with him about a plan for taking better care of myself.

—Bernice K.

Blood Pressure

High blood pressure can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. It is most common in African Americans and people over age 45.
Scientific evidence has shown that eating healthy foods and being active are two ways you can keep your blood pressure under control. For more information, see the sections "Eating Right" and "Physical Activity."
Some people need to take medicine to keep their blood pressure at healthy levels. If you take medicine, be sure to talk to your doctor about how to take it. Do not skip any doses of medicine.
Ask your doctor:
  How often should I have my blood pressure checked?
  What should my blood pressure be?
Keep track of your blood pressure. Use your personal prevention chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Cholesterol

Too much cholesterol, which can clog your blood vessels, is a major cause of heart disease in men and women. Cholesterol levels start to increase in middle-aged men, in women just before menopause, and in people who have gained weight. The risk of heart disease starts to increase in middle-aged men and women.
Research shows that you can lower your cholesterol level and keep a healthy level by eating the right foods, losing extra weight, and being physically active. See the sections "Eating Right" on page 8 and "Physical Activity" on page 10 for more information. Your doctor or other health care provider may suggest you take medicine to lower your cholesterol.
Most experts recommend checking your cholesterol every 5 years. Your health care provider may suggest you have it checked more often, especially if your cholesterol is too high.
Ask your health care provider:
  How often should I have my cholesterol checked?
  What is a healthy cholesterol level for me?
If you have high cholesterol, talk with your doctor about a plan for lowering it.
Keep track of your cholesterol level. Use your personal prevention chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Diabetes (High Blood Sugar)

Diabetes can lead to problems with vision, kidneys, and how well your blood circulates, especially to the lower legs and feet. Most people who have diabetes have type 2 diabetes, the kind that tends to come in middle age. Finding and treating diabetes early can cut your risk for these problems.
The chances of getting the most common type of diabetes—type 2 diabetes—increase once you reach age 45. Almost 1 in 5 people aged 65-74 has diabetes.
You may need a blood test for diabetes if you:   Have a family member with diabetes.
  Are overweight.
  Have had diabetes during pregnancy.

.................................................................................................... If You Have Diabetes Ask your health care provider when you need checkups, tests, and vaccines: Eye and dental exams. Blood pressure and cholesterol checks. Blood sugar (glucose) checks. Yearly flu shots. Ask your health care provider about ways to prevent problems: What is the right weight for me? Try to stay at that weight. What kinds and amounts of food are right for me? If you take medicine for diabetes: How much medicine should I take? When should I take it? If you smoke: What can I do that will help me stop smoking? How should I take care of my feet? How do I check for loss of feeling in my feet? If there is loss of feeling, you should report it to your doctor. ....................................................................................................

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Tuberculosis (TB)

TB is a growing problem in the United States, especially among older people. It is an infection that affects the lungs and eventually other parts of the body. This infection can be passed from one person to the next. It is treated more easily if caught early.
You are at greater risk for TB and may need a TB test (called a PPD) if you have:
  Been in close contact with someone who has TB.
  Recently moved from Asia, Africa, Central or South America, or the Pacific Islands.
  Kidney failure, diabetes, HIV, or alcoholism.
  Injected or now inject illegal drugs.

Tests To Find Cancers

I knew some of my friends were getting tested for colon cancer. But I didn't think it was very important because no one in my family has had colon cancer. Then a good friend of mine was diagnosed with colon cancer and had no family history of it. So I decided to ask my doctor about colon cancer testing. She told me that all people over age 50 need to be tested and then continue to be tested every 5-10 years, depending upon their situation.

—Sam O.

Breast Cancer

As women get older, their chances of getting breast cancer increase. In fact, most breast cancers occur in women over the age of 50.
Research shows that the best way to find breast cancer is to get a mammogram. This is an x-ray test that can find a breast cancer when it is so small that it cannot be felt. Most breast cancers are treated more easily when found early.
All women aged 50 and older should have a mammogram every 1 to 2 years. This recommendation is based on scientific evidence. Ask your doctor how often you need a mammogram. Make sure to tell your doctor if your mother or a sister has had breast cancer. If so, you may need to have mammograms more often than other women. Your doctor may also examine your breasts.
Ask your doctor:
  How often do I need a mammogram?
Keep track of your mammograms. Use your cancer test chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Cancer of the Cervix

All sexually active women are at risk for cancer of the cervix. Most deaths from cancer of the cervix can be prevented if the cancer is found and treated early. A Pap test can find cancer of the cervix early—while it's easier to cure. This simple test saves lives.
Based on scientific evidence, women need to have a Pap test every 3 years, some more often. Set a date with your doctor to get a Pap test.
Your doctor may suggest stopping Pap tests if:
  You are over age 65 and have had regular, normal Pap tests.
  You have had a hysterectomy.
Tell your doctor if you have had genital warts, a sexually transmitted disease (STD), multiple sex partners, or abnormal Pap tests. If so, you may need Pap tests more often than other women.
Ask your doctor:
  How often do I need a Pap test?
Keep track of your Pap tests. Use your cancer test chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer. Older men and women are more likely to get colon cancer than those who are younger. But if caught early, colon cancer can be treated more easily. Effective tests are available to find colon cancer. However, many people do not take advantage of these tests.
Starting at age 50, you should have tests to detect colon cancer. This advice is based on scientific research. The tests you may have are:
Fecal Occult Blood Test—To test for small amounts of blood in your stool. This test should be done yearly.
Sigmoidoscopy—To look inside the rectum and colon using a small, lighted tube. Your doctor will do this in the office or clinic. This test should be done once every 5 to 10 years. Tell your doctor if you have had polyps or if you have family member(s) with cancer of the colon, intestine, breast, ovaries, or uterus. If so, you may need to be tested more often.
Ask your doctor:
  How often do I need these tests?
Keep track of your tests. Use your cancer test chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Oral Cancer

Oral cancer includes cancers of the lip, tongue, pharynx, and mouth. Most oral cancers occur in people over age 40 who use tobacco or alcohol. People who are in the sun a lot also are at risk for cancer of the lip.
If you chew or smoke tobacco and drink a lot of alcohol, you may want your dentist to examine your mouth for signs of oral cancer during your regular dental checkup. You may also need to see your dentist more often.
Scientific evidence shows that you can help prevent oral cancer by not smoking and cutting back on the amount of alcohol you drink. If you are outdoors a lot, you should use a sunblock on your lips.
Ask your health care provider:
  How often should I get dental checkups?
Keep track of your dental visits. Use your personal prevention chart (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

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Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is most common in men over age 50, in African Americans, and in men with a family history of prostate cancer.
Tests such as a rectal exam and PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test can help detect prostate cancer. Based on research, it is not yet clear whether these tests save lives.
Ask your doctor:
  What are the pros and cons of tests for prostate cancer?

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Most skin cancers can be cured, especially if they are found and treated early.
You may need to have your doctor examine your skin if:
  You have many moles (large freckles).
  You have been in the sun a lot.
Ways to help prevent skin cancer:
  Limit the amount of time you spend in the sun, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.
  Wear clothing that protects you from the sun.

Shots To Prevent Diseases

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I watched some of my relatives suffer through bouts of pneumonia and just hoped it would never happen to me. I finally realized I could do more than hope. I found out about the pneumonia shot. I got the shot last year and now encourage all my friends and relatives to do the same.

—Martha A.

Adults need shots to prevent serious diseases. You should ask your doctor or other health care provider which shots are right for you.

Influenza (flu) shots

Everyone over age 65 needs this every year.
You may need flu shots before age 65 if you:
  Have lung, heart, or kidney disease.
  Have diabetes.
  Have AIDS or are infected with HIV.
  Have cancer.
  Are a health care worker.
Keep track of the shots you receive. Use the shot charts (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Pneumococcal (pneumonia) shot

Everyone needs this once at about age 65. If you have diseases of the lung, heart, or kidney; diabetes; HIV; or cancer, you may need this shot before age 65.
Keep track of the shots you receive. Use the shot charts (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Tetanus-diphtheria shot

Everyone needs this every 10 years.
Keep track of the shots you receive. Use the shot charts (PDF file for all charts, 26 KB).

Hepatitis B shots

Discuss with your doctor whether you need hepatitis B shots.
Generally, you should receive hepatitis B shots if you:
  Or your partner have had other sexual partners within the last 6 months.
  Are a male and have had sex with another male.
  Have had a sexually transmitted disease (STD) within the last 6 months.
  Have injected illegal drugs.
  Are a health care worker who is often exposed to blood or blood products.
  Had blood transfusions between 1978 and 1985.
If you are traveling outside the United States, discuss with your doctor whether you need hepatitis B shots.

Section 3:

For More Information
To learn more about staying healthy and preventing disease, you may want to contact the organizations listed in this section. You can get free information by writing, making toll-free telephone calls, or by searching the Internet.

AIDS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) CDC National AIDS Hotline: 1-800-342-2437 CDC AIDS Hotline in Spanish: 1-800-344-7432 CDC AIDS Hotline for the Deaf: 1-800-243-7889 (TTY) CDC National Prevention Information Network: 1-800-458-5231 1-800-243-7012 (TTY) www.cdcnpin.org Alcohol and Drug Abuse National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration U. S. Department of Health and Human Services 1-800-729-6686 http://ncadi.samhsa.gov/ National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) National Institutes of Health (301) 443-3860 www.niaaa.nih.gov Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's Association 1-800-272-3900 www.alz.org Alzheimer's Disease Education and Referral Center (ADEAR) National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health 1-800-438-4380 www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers Cancer Cancer Information Service (CIS) National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Institutes of Health 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) 1-800-332-8615 (TTY) www.cancer.gov Diabetes Lower Extremity Amputation Prevention Program (LEAP) Bureau of Primary Health Care Health Resources and Services Administration U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1-800-400-2742 www.hrsa.gov/leap/ National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health (301) 496-3583 www.niddk.nih.gov General Health Information Administration on Aging (AoA) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (202) 619-7501 NAPIS Search http://www.aoa.gov/naic/Main_Site/Search.aspx Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1-800-358-9295 www.ahrq.gov AARP 1-800-424-3410 1-877-434-7598 (TTY) www.aarp.org

Healthfinder Provides electronic information on a wide variety of health topics. Can direct you to medical journals and other publications, clearinghouses, databases, hot lines, medical research, support groups, organizations, and libraries. www.healthfinder.gov National Institute on Aging Information Center National Institutes of Health 1-800-222-2225 www.nia.nih.gov National Women's Health Information Center U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1-800-994-9662 www.4woman.gov Hearing National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Diseases National Institutes of Health 1-800-241-1044 1-800-241-1055 (TTY) http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/ Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases Information Center National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health 1-800-575-9355 www.nhlbi.nih.gov Mental Health National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health 1-800-647-2642 (English and Spanish) 1-888-826-9438 (Information on anxiety disorders) www.nimh.nih.gov Depression Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment (D/ART) Program National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health 1-800-421-4211 www.nimh.nih.gov Nutrition Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Consumer Affairs 1-888-463-6332 www.fda.gov Osteoporosis Osteoporosis and Related Bone Disorders National Resource Center National Institutes of Health 1-800-624-BONE (1-800-624-2663) http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/ Stroke National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health (301) 496-5751 www.ninds.nih.gov Urinary Problems National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health (301) 496-3583 www.niddk.nih.gov Vision National Eye Institute National Institutes of Health (301) 496-5248 www.nei.nih.gov

Section 4:

Personal Prevention Charts

Ask your health care provider how often you need each type of care and the goal you should reach. Then write down the information in the charts below. Also, write down the date and results of the care you get or ask your doctor to write down this information.
Try to remember to bring the charts with you each time you see a health care provider. These charts will help you keep track of when you need your next test or checkup and will help you keep track of the medicines you are taking.
Ask your doctor or other health care provider how often you need each kind of test. Then write down this information in this record. Ask your doctor to write down the date you receive the tests and the results. Try to remember to bring the booklet with you each time you see a doctor. This record will also help you keep track of when you need your next test or checkup.
Write down the date you receive each immunization (shot).
Write down the name of each medicine you take, the reason you take it, and how you take it, in the spaces below. Add new medicines when you get them. You can show the list to your health care provider and pharmacist. You may want to make copies of the blank form so you can use it again.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force—a panel of private-sector experts in primary health care and prevention convened by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)—has found that some tests that doctors perform have not been proven effective for healthy, average-risk persons. These tests include the PSA test for prostate cancer, blood tests or ultrasound for ovarian cancer, chest x-ray for lung cancer, urine tests for bladder cancer, routine blood tests for anemia, routine urine tests, and routine electrocardiogram or stress tests for heart disease for people without symptoms.
If your doctor or health care provider recommends any of these tests, you may want to ask why you need them. Talk to your doctor or other health professional about what is right for you.

Charts

To use the charts, select the links below and then print out the charts from your browser (File/Print). You may choose the HTML versions (below) or a PDF file of all the charts (26 KB).
Personal Information Chart
Personal Prevention Chart
Cancer Test Chart
Flu Shot Chart
Tetanus Shot Chart
Pneumonia Shot Chart
Medicine Chart


Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in comments are those of the comment writers alone and does not reflect or represent the views of Victor Duru